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| Banten–Dutch war (1656–1659) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Depiction of Banten troops, 1646. | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Banten Sultanate | |||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Ageng Tirtayasa Aria Wangkasara Saranurbaya (WIA) Arya Mangunjaya Prayakarti † |
 Joan Maetsuycker | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
|
Thousands of troops Hundreds of ships | Unknown, but larger | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Hundreds of troops were killed and numerous ships sunk | 1,000–2,000 killed | ||||||||
Banten–Dutch War (1656–1659) was a conflict between Banten Sultanate and Dutch East India Company (VOC) that occurred from 1656 to 1659. Banten Sultanate started the war by sacked the Batavia and destroyed many of the Dutch lodges and office . The war ended with numerous victory on Banten sides and the Dutch suffered such a heavy losses by many of their strategic lodges was destroyed and Dutch golds and weapons were captured.
Background
editAfter the Dutch conquered Jayakarta on 29 May 1619, in 30 May the Dutch rebuild the city and rename the city as "Batavia" ,Banten Sultanate losses their important city and many of their forces were suffered humiliation on the conquest.[1]
12 years later, when Ageng Tirtayasa of Banten received his crown as the Sultan of Banten in 1651, he started to modernized his state and strengthen a relations with Danish East Indies and Cirebon Sultanate. He also started to build irrigations on Pontang for the supplies of his forces for ambushes of Dutch ships.[2]
However, Sultan Ageng did not like VOC authority because the VOC desired to rule the north coast of Java, blockade Chinese and Persians traders coming to Java and limit the trade activity of Banten Sultanate. Out of fear of these plans, Sultan Ageng declared a war to the Dutch.[3]
Action at Angke-Tangerang
editOn 1655, the VOC ships that sailed in Angke-Tangerang were ambushed by the Bantenese forces. The forces also infiltrated and attacked the VOC's sugarcane factory. Aftermath of the attacks, the VOC later closed their office and lodges and Bantenese prepared their forces to launched an military actions to VOC .[4]
War
editSack on Batavia (1656)
editOn 1656, the Bantenese forces launched an actions on Batavia, the Banten forces doing some numerous roberry and rapture , mass killings of the civilians and VOC officials, burning, plundered on Batavia, and Banten also launched farm-attacks on many VOC farms on Batavia. Banten troops ambushed the VOC troops who conducting the night patrols also killed the commander .[5] The Banten forces hijacked VOC ships in Batavia when the VOC ships sailed from Malacca City to Batavia, however the VOC was worried by the Banten forces after massive damaged on Batavia.[6]
Battle of Angke
editTo distracted the VOC the troops led by Ngabehi and Prayakarti get an missions to attacked the villages and burned many of their sugarcane and another troops led by Senopati move to the enemy positions and encircled the enemy forces with Narapraksa and Wirapraksa who silently infiltrated the VOC positions and slowly started the sieges.[7]
The forces led by Ngabehi and Prayakarti silently success to burned and attacked numerous villages and sugarcanes and the forces led by Senopati was move in east way and slowly encircled the VOC forces it makes the VOC movement was slowed.[8]
And the forces led by Demang Narapaksa and Demang Wirapaksa attacked the VOC forces and inflicted the heavy losses on VOC side; however, the Banten forces success to defeated VOC but the Bantenese commander Prayakarti was killed during the actions.[9]
Battle of Pontang
editPrince Bagus and his forces was launched naval actions at Pontang aimed to ambushed the VOC ships and hiding between Dua islands and ambushed the VOC ships, when the VOC fleets was came into the islands the Banten forces launched their attacks and easily defeated and humiliating the VOC fleets and many of their weapons were captured by Banten forces.[8]
Balukbuk incidents
editSarantaka and Sacantaka fleets in Balukbuk placed many traps to destroyed VOC junks in Balukbuk. However, when the VOC ships was came in Balukbuk the Banten unexpectedly attacked and stormed the Junks. The VOC fleets and troops who was trapped was shocked at this attack,in the end many of the VOC forces were massacred in their ships by the Banten forces.[9]
Ambush on Tanjung Barangrang
editPrince Bagus and his forces also launched an naval actions at Tanjung Barangrang to defeated the VOC Junks from Malacca in Tanjung Barangrang, Prince Bagus and his forces easily defeated the VOC fleets and most of the VOC crews was massacred or captured by Bantenese forces.[8]
Ambush on Gosong Busang
editKyai Haji Abbas troops conducting the naval attacks at Gosong Busang aiming to defeated the VOC Junks in Gosong Busang anad also the forces was able to captured most of their weapons and flag,this also the decisive victories of Banten forces by capturing most of the VOC treasures and canons.[8]
Battle of Karawang
editthe forces led by Rangga Natajiwa and Wirapana fought the VOC forces at Karawang and success to defeated the VOC fleets on Karawang not only defeating the fleets also the forces was stormed many of the VOC outpost also causing the VOC retreated in other places.[8]
Ambush on Port Ratu
editIn Port Ratu the forces led by Saranurbaya was launched the Naval actions at Port Ratu and Saranurbaya forces success to defeated the VOC fleets also the ambush affected the economics of VOC but with the consequences Saranurbaya suffered heavy wounded and after 5 days he was died on his places.[8]
Siege of Surosowan
editOn the Gulf of Banten, in the front of Surosowan town the 11 Warships of VOC came and started to besieged from Lima islands to Dua islands. On Surosowan the Banten forces with their strong cannon troops started to fire on many VOC ships and thus occurred the major naval actions.[9]
Few of the Banten cannon were hitting their targets and causing heavy damages such as Si Jaka Pekik and Si Muntab; and the Si Kalantaka had success in shelling and putting fire to the VOC ships. However, many of the VOC ships retreated because of the heavy losses and also VOC ships were suffered heavily damage.[10][11]
Battle of Tangerang
editNext day the forces led by Arya Mangunjaya was marched from Surosowan to Tangerang also Arya bringing many wounded soldiers, POW, and also many Dutch weapons and canon who captured by Banten forces who already fought the VOC in other military actions.[9] The battle continued in the next days, many of the troops on both sides were heavy wounded and retreated to the base.[12]
With the brave of Arya Mangunjaya, his forces still continued the attacks and they penetrate the VOC troops into the border in the West Batavia. Many of the VOC officials and the military staff of Batavia were retreated because the attacks and however the Banten forces success to captured West Batavia.[11]
Aftermath
editIn the end of war VOC suffered humiliated and heavy losses, to end the conflicts the VOC decided to offered the peace agreement to Ageng Tirtayasa of Banten, but Sultan Ageng was refused to peace with VOC. To make the Sultans wanted to peace with VOC they called Sultan of Jambi (the allies of Banten) to helping VOC. Sultan Jambi agree the VOC and giving their ambassadors to Banten, and with that the Sultans Ageng finally agree to peace with VOC and ended the war.[11][12][13]
References
edit- ^ Iswara, Raditya (2018-05-30). "Kala J.P. Coen Menaklukkan Jayakarta dan Mendirikan Batavia". tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2025-02-12.
- ^ Yuda, Prinada (2021-05-22). "Sejarah Perlawanan Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa Terhadap VOC". tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2025-02-12.
- ^ Nibras, Nada (2021-10-06). "Alasan Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa Melakukan Perlawanan terhadap VOC". kompas.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2025-02-12.
- ^ Nina 2024, p. 2.
- ^ Halwani 1989, p. 96.
- ^ Halwani 1989, p. 92.
- ^ Halwani 1989, p. 101.
- ^ a b c d e f Halwani 1989, p. 102.
- ^ a b c d Halwani 1989, p. 103.
- ^ Hoessein 1983, p. 76.
- ^ a b c "Jalannya Pertempuran di Banten". humas.pdg (in Indonesian). 9 May 2010. Retrieved 2025-02-12.
- ^ a b Halwani 1989, p. 104.
- ^ Hoessein 1983, p. 77.
Citations
edit- Nina, Herlina (2024-03-01). "Konflik Antara Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa Dengan VOC Dam Sultan Haji". Unpad.
- Halwani, Michrob (1989). Catatan Masa Lalu Banten [The Past Of Banten] (in Indonesian). Serang Regency: Indonesian Teachers Association (PGRI).
- Hoessein, Djajadiningrat (1983). Tinjauan kritis tentang Sejarah Banten. Djambatan.